Dab tsi tsim cov ntawv kraft?

Koj ntsib Kraft daim ntawv txhua hnub hauv cov pob khoom txhua hnub hauv cov pob thiab hnab, tab sis koj puas nkag siab nws yog dab tsi? Nws qhov sib txawv zoo thiab xav tias yog universal, tab sis nws zaj dab neeg khiav ntxaum.

Kraft daim ntawv yog lub tshuab ruaj khov, ruaj khov ua los ntawm cov roj ntoo ntoo uas siv cov txheej txheem Kraft (sulraft) pulping txheej txheem. Cov qauv no ua tau zoo tshem tawm lignin thaum khaws cia ntev, cellulose cov fibers. Qhov no ua rau muaj ib daim ntawv paub rau nws lub zog zoo dua, elasticity, thiab kua muag tiv, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau hnyav- plaub caug ntim.

Kuv tau pom cov ntawv uas tsis muaj hnub kawg, txhua tus nrog nws lub hom phiaj txawv. Kraft daim ntawv sawv tawm vim tias nws txoj kev muaj zog thiab versatility. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog hais txog nws cov xim xim av; Nws yog hais txog yuav ua li cas nws ua. Jonh, nrog nws 20+ xyoo ntawm kev paub los ntawm raw khoom xaiv los ua, paub qhov kev nkag siab kraft. Cia peb ua txhaum dab tsi ua rau Kraft ntawv nws yog dab tsi.

Dab tsi yog qhov sib xyaw ntawm Kraft ntawv?

Koj yuav xav tias daim ntawv tsuas yog ntawv, tab sis kraft ntawv muaj qhov kev pleev tshwj xeeb uas tau teeb tsa nws sib nrug. Dab tsi yog nws ua los ntawm, thiab li cas thiaj li ua rau nws lub npe nrov?

Kraft ntawv yog feem ntau tsim nyog tau ua ntawm ntev, nkauj cellulose tseb los ntawm ntoo pulp, ua tiav los ntawm alkaline kraft (sulfate) pulping txoj kev. Qhov txheej txheem tshuaj chemical no tau tshem tawm lignin thiab lwm yam tsis- Cellulose lub zog, ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov ntoo ntoo yog tshwj tseg.

Raws li ib tug kws ua haujlwm tshuab, Kuv txaus siab rau cov txheej txheem ua tau zoo. Cov txheej txheem Kraft yog qhov zoo ntawm kev ua tau zoo hauv kev rho tawm cov hmoov muaj zog muaj zog. Kuv pab neeg thiab kuv nkag siab tias cov khoom siv raw tsuas yog qhov pib; Cov khoom ua rau cov khoom kawg. Ntawm Khub kev lag luam, peb ua ntej high {{} Cov ntawv zoo me me, thiab feem ntau txhais tau tias tsis muaj nuj nqis li cas nws tau ua thawj zaug.

Deconstruction's Kraft txheej txheem

Txhawm rau kom nkag siab kraft daim ntawv muaj pes tsawg leeg, peb yuav tsum xub saib nws cov kev sib txawv ntawm - lub kraft pulping txheej txheem nws tus kheej. Txoj kev no yog tus yuam sij rau nws cov khoom sib txawv.

Ntoo raws li cov khoom siv raw:Kraft cov ntawv feem ntau pib nrog cov khoom muag muag zoo li ntoo thuv thiab cov pa hluav taws kub thiab cov ntoo ntev dua. Cov sib zog ntev dua yog qhov tseem ceeb rau daim ntawv lub zog. Ntoo yog thawj chipped ua tej daim me me.

Cov Kraft (Sulfate) Txheej Txheem:Nov yog cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg. Cov ntaub pua ntoo tau siav nyob rau hauv kev sib tov ntawm sodium hydroxide (Naoh) thiab sodium sulfide (na2s), sib sau tau hu ua cov cawv dawb. Txoj kev daws teeb meem alkaline discolves liignin, Hemicellulose, thiab lwm qhov tsis - cellulose cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke.

Lignin tshem tawm:Lignin yog cov polymer nyuaj uas muab cov nyom ntoo tab sis kuj ua rau nws brittle thiab tsaus ntuj nws dhau sijhawm. Cov txheej txheem Kraft yog qhov ua tau zoo heev ntawm kev tshem cov npe uas tsis muaj qhov ua rau cov cellulose haj yam ua rau cov cellulose. Qhov kev xaiv tshem tawm no yog qhov tseem ceeb; Nws khaws cia lub zog ntuj thiab ntev ntawm lub cellulose fibulose, uas yog lub tsev thaiv ntawm daim ntawv.

Ntxuav, tshuaj ntsuam, thiab ua kom zoo nkauj:Tom qab ua noj ua haus, lub pulp yog ntxuav kom tshem tawm cov tshuaj uas tseem ceeb thiab tom qab ntawd tshuaj ntsuam kom cais cov ntoo uas tsis muaj pov tseg. Qhov tseem ceeb cellulose fibers, tam sim no feem ntau dawb ntawm lub lignin, yog tom qab ua kom zoo nkauj. Qhov no ua kom cov txheej txheem kho tshuab ua rau lawv yoog tau yooj yim thiab txhim kho lawv txoj kev muaj peev xwm thaum lawv tau tsim rau hauv ib daim ntawv.

Unlobeached vs. Bleached Kraft:Lub ntuj xim ntawm undyed, unbleesked kraft daim ntawv yog xim av vim yog cov chaw nyob sab nrauv thiab lwm cov organic sib xyaw. Rau cov khoom uas yuav tsum muaj qhov tsos ntawm whiter, tus kraft pulp tuaj yeem yauv mus ua kom dawb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem tshuaj dawb tuaj yeem txo me ntsis txo lub zog muaj zog, lub ntsiab lus kraft yog feem ntau daim ntawv muaj zog tshaj plaws.

Ib feem	Lub luag haujlwm hauv Kraft ntawv	Cuam tshuam rau cov khoom
Cellulose Fibers	Thawj Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem	Muab lub zog tensile, kua muag tiv taus, thiab thoob plaws kev ua tiav. Ntev fibers txhais tau tias muaj zog ntawv.
Tebcellulose	Pab muab cov cellulose fibers	Ua rau muaj fiber ntau - rau - fiber ntau bonding thiab ntawv lub zog.
Txos	Feem ntau tau muab tshem tawm thaum lub sij hawm pulping	Nws txoj kev tshem tawm tswj hwm kev muaj fiber ntau thiab elasticity. Residual Lignin muab cov xim av.
Ntxiv	Sozing cov neeg sawv cev, cov khoom siv ntub dej	Txhim kho dej tiv thaiv, cov tshuab luam ntawv, thiab kev ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb rau kev thov.

Cov kev tswj hwm ua tib zoo los ntawm cov txheej txheem Kraft yog qhov thaum kawg muab kraft ntawv nws cov cim muaj kab muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb.

Dab tsi ntawm daim ntawv yog Kraft ntawv?

Tus xim av, ribbed kev ntxhib los mos ntawm ib lub hnab ntawv yog unmistakable, tab sis dab tsi qeb ua cov khoom no poob rau hauv? Yog nws tsuas yog ntim, lossis qee yam tshwj xeeb?

Kraft ntawv yog ib chav kawm zoo, feem ntau yog cov ntawv ntim khoom, txawv ntawm nws lub zog siab thiab rhuav lub zog, thiab muaj kev ywj pheej. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov roj ntoo ntoo, tsim tshwj xeeb tsim rau cov ntawv thov kom tau txais cov khoom siv siab dua thiab tawg.

Kraft ntawv tsis yog ib yam khoom xwb. Nws yog tsev neeg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim rau kev tawv. Peb feem ntau pom zoo kraft {{2} Kev daws teeb meem thaum tus neeg xav tau kev txhim khu kev qha, ntim muaj zog. Nws yog kev xaiv siab rau ntau ntawm peb daim ntawv {{4} bead cov khoom noj khoom noj zoo li.

Kev Kawm Krafty Kraft ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Daim Ntawv

Kraft ntawv tsis yog ib hom ntawv; Nws embodies ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lawv cov txheej txheem kev tsim khoom thiab ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo. Nws tsis tu ncua poob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm "cov ntaub ntawv txheej txheem" ​​lossis "cov ntawv tshwj xeeb" vim nws lub tshuab tshwj xeeb uas yog lub zog.

Ntim ntawv:Qhov no yog nws feem ntau ntawm kev faib tawm. Kraft ntawv yog qhov mus - rau cov khoom siv rau hnyav- luag lub zog ntim tau. Qhov no suav nrog lub hnab ntim khoom muag, multiRall sacks rau cement lossis lwm cov ntawv pov thawj, thiab corrugated cardboard (qhov twg yog siv rau lub hnab ntim). Nws lub peev xwm tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam thiab kev ntuag thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv yog tsis muaj lwm yam.

Siab zog - rau - qhov hnyav. Piv:Ib qho ntawm nws cov cwj pwm txhais tau yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws zog - {1} txoj kev nyhav}} qhov hnyav. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov ntawv me me ntawm kraft cov ntawv tuaj yeem siv tau kev ntxhov siab tseem ceeb, ua kom muaj kev ntxhov siab rau qhov kev siv nyiaj txiag uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tau. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txo cov nqi xa phaus thiab cov nqi.

Ntuj Elasticity:Tsis zoo li ntau lwm hom ntawv, kraft ntawv khaws cov qib ntawm elasticity. Qhov no tso cai rau nws nqus tau kev poob siab thiab kev nyuaj siab yam tsis muaj khoom muag tam sim ntawd, ib qho khoom muaj nqis rau cov khoom ntim khoom uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm lossis raug kom nruj. Kuv cov kev paub nrog kev xaiv raw cov ntaub ntawv kom ua kom peb xaiv txoj cai fibress elasticity rau peb txoj kev daws teeb meem.

Versatility ua tiav:Thaum lub cim saib tsis yog txo cov xim av, kraft ntawv los hauv ntau hom:

Unblibe kraft:Lub ntuj, muaj zog, xim av hom.

Bleached Kraft:Kho kom tau dawb, feem ntau siv rau cov zaub mov ntim qhov twg ib huv, ci tsos yog qhov xav tau (piv txwv li lub hnab ntim khoom noj, qee cov khoom noj khoom haus).

Siv Kraft:Ua los ntawm cov ntawv rov ua dua tshiab, uas tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv lub zog nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov rov ua dua tshiab.

Coated kraft:Muab cov txheej txheem rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb xws li cov dej tsis kam, roj ua tsis kam, lossis ua kom zoo dua qub.

Cov ntawv thov dhau ntawm kev ntim khoom:Nws lub zog tseem ua rau nws haum rau tsis yog-}}}}} siv cov ntawv ua kom zoo li cov duab ntsej muag, thiab txawm tias muaj qee hom kev tsim kho rau kev tiv thaiv txheej txheem tiv thaiv.

Kraft daim ntawv ib txwm muaj peev xwm xa lub zog thiab kev ntseeg tau ua rau nws cov ntawv tshwj xeeb thiab tsis muaj tseeb, ib txwm xaiv thaum muaj nuj nqis yog qhov ua tau.

Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kraft ntawv thiab ntawv?

Koj feem ntau hnov ​​lo lus "ntawv" rau ntau yam, tab sis "kraft ntawv" pom zoo dua. Dab tsi ua rau cov ntawv tshwj xeeb no sib txawv ntawm txhua tus neeg?

Tus yuam sij sib txawv ntawm Kraft ntawv thiab cov ntawv dav rau hauv nws cov txheej txheem tsim qauv thiab ua rau muaj kev ncaj ncees fiber ntau. Kraft cov ntawv tshwj xeeb siv cov txheej txheem sulfate los khaws cov khoom ntev thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo dua, thaum "hom fiber ntau, feem ntau ua rau cov khoom siv fiber ntau, feem ntau ua rau cov khoom siv tsis muaj zog.

Los ntawm kuv qhov kev xav hauv kev tsim khoom, cov no tsis yog cov npe sib txawv; Lawv yog cov khoom sib txawv nrog cov laj thawj sib txawv. Peb txhawb nqa peb cov neeg tau txais kev nkag siab rau cov kev sib txawv, pab lawv cov kev xav tau zoo, kom lawv to taub "vim li cas" kev xaiv.

Txhais cov lus sib faib

Lo lus "daim ntawv" yog qhov dav dav npog cov ntaub ntawv loj heev, los ntawm cov ntawv muag cov ntaub ntawv kom nruj. "Kraft ntawv," txawm li cas los xij, yog hais txog ib hom ntawv tshwj xeeb nrog cov cim sib txawv uas tau tsav los ntawm nws txoj kev ntau lawm.

Pulping txheej txheem yog tus yuam sij:

Daim Ntawv Ntawv:Yuav ua tau los ntawm ntau txoj kev pulping, suav nrog cov khoom siv txhua yam zoo li cov ntawv tshaj tawm, khaws cia cov khoom siv acidined), ua kom muaj zog tshaj li ntawm Lignin tshem tawm ntau dua Kraft). Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm nkauj xwb thiab cov khoom siv ua dua tshiab, qhov twg ua cov txiv neej ua dua tshiab yog ib qho tsis muaj zog.

Kraft Daim Ntawv:Tshwj xeeb ua rau siv cov kraft (sulfate) cov txheej txheem. Txoj kev alkaline yog paub txog nws lub peev xwm los zom sucin zoo heev thaum khaws qhov ntev thiab lub zog ntawm lub cellulose fibers. Nov yog tib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.

Fiber ntau thiab lub zog:

Daim Ntawv Ntawv:Cov fibers zoo li yuav luv dua, vim yog vim cov pulping txheej txheem nws tus kheej (kho tshuab) lossis vim tias lawv rov ua dua tshiab. Cov nqi luv dua, cov nplaim tawg ua rau muaj kev vam meej thiab tsis muaj zog cuam tshuam nrog kev sib deev, ua rau muaj lub zog qis dua thiab kua muag tiv thaiv.

Kraft Daim Ntawv:Vim tias Kraft cov txheej txheem yog maj mam rau ntawm cellulose, nws tau khaws cia ntev, muaj zog ntoo ua ke. Cov fibers ntev sib cuam tshuam ntau lub sij hawm thaum lub sij hawm ntev, sib sau ib ntom, muaj zog nrog lub kua muag zoo, tawg, thiab tensile lub zog. Qhov no yog vim li cas cov hnab kraft tuaj yeem tuav cov khoom noj hnyav ntau dua li lub hnab ntawv qauv.

Cov ntsiab lus nyob:

Daim Ntawv Ntawv:Ua raws li cov txuj ci pulping, cov ntawv dav yuav muaj sib txawv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Cov ntsiab lus nce toj tuaj yeem ua cov ntawv Stiffer tab sis kuj tseem ceeb dua rau kev tshem tawm lub sijhawm thiab ntau nkig.

Kraft Daim Ntawv:Tseem ceeb heev me ntsis residual cov ntsiab lus. Qhov kev ua siab loj ntawm cellulose txhais tau tias daim ntawv yog tsawg dua qub rau yellowing thiab tseem hloov tau thiab muaj zog.

Cov tsos mob thiab application:

Daim Ntawv Ntawv:Npog lub spectrum ntawm kev tshwm sim, los ntawm cov ntawv loj dawb luam ntawv rau cov duab xim txho. Nws yog siv rau kev sau ntawv, luam ntawv, kev huv si, thiab lub teeb ntais.

Kraft Daim Ntawv:Feem ntau lees paub nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv unlibeached av, muab nws lub ntuj, rustic saib feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog lub zog thiab eco {}} zaj ua phooj ywg. Thaum nws tuaj yeem ua kom dawb ceev, nws cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws- Witte Wraps uas nws lub zog yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Yam zoo	Daim Ntawv Ntawv Cim (dav lub sij hawm)	Kraft daim ntawv (hom tshwj xeeb)
Pulping txoj kev	Ntau yam (mechanical, sulfite, rov ua dua tshiab)	Tshwj xeeb kraft (sulraft) cov txheej txheem
Fiber ntau	Sib txawv; feem ntau luv (tshwj xeeb yog rov ua dua)	Ntev, muaj zog nkauj xwb ntoo fibers
Cov ntsiab lus nkos	Sib txawv; tuaj yeem ua tau siab dua (piv txwv li, ntawv xov xwm)	Qis cov hnub so
Lub zog	Sib txawv los ntawm cov nqaij tsis muaj zog (nqaij) mus rau nruab nrab (tshuab luam ntawv)	Tsuas yog siab siab, kua muag, thiab tawg lub zog
Thawj siv	Sau ntawv, luam ntawv, huv si, lub teeb ntim	Kev hnyav - Wityer ntim, muaj sacts, tiv thaiv txheej txheem

Cov txheej txheem sib raug zoo thiab nws txoj kev khaws cia ntawm fiber ntau yog dab tsi hauv cov ntawv xov xwm kraft sib txawv ntawm cov ntawv ntawm "."

Kraft ntawv muaj zog npaum li cas?

Koj tau pom lub hnab me me Tab sis muaj zog npaum li casyogDaim ntawv no, tiag tiag?

Kraft cov ntawv yog qhov tshwj xeeb muaj zog, showcasing siab los rhuav rau lub kua muag, puncturing, thiab tawg. Lub zog no yog los ntawm nws cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, uas khaws cov ntoo ntev, cuam tshuam ntoo cov plaub hau thiab tshem tawm feem ntau teev. Qhov no ua rau cov khoom siv muaj peev xwm nrog kev ntxhov siab ntau yam thiab ua rau nws siv tau heev rau kev siv daim ntaub ntawv thov.

Lub resilience ntawm kev txhawb zog

Lo lus "Kraft" cia txhais tau tias "lub zog" hauv German, thiab qhov no tsis muaj kev sib tsoo. Nws lub zog zoo dua tsis yog ib qho kev soj ntsuam ib qho xwb; Nws yog cov cuab yeej ntsuas tau los ntawm npliag tshuaj thiab neeg kho tshuab engineering.

Ntev, nkauj xwb Faib:Qhov kev siv txiaj ntsig rau kraft ntawv lub zog nyob rau hauv qhov ntev thiab kev ntseeg ntawm nws cov cellulose fibers. Lub kraft pulping cov txheej txheem tshem tawm lignin yam tsis muaj ntau yam ntoo ua kom tsis txhob muaj ntoo. Cov ntev, intertwining fibers tsim cov xim ntom ntom, cohesive network nyob rau hauv ntawv ntawv. Xav txog nws zoo li weaving: ntev xov ua rau cov ntaub muaj zog.

Interfiber Interfiber Broading:Nrog rau feem ntau ntawm cov lignin tshem tawm, cov cellulose cov fibers yog nqus tsev ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab muaj ntau thaj chaw thaj tsam muaj rau cov hydrogen sib txuas nrog txhua lwm yam. Cov ntawv cog lus muaj zog no yog dab tsi tuav cov ntawv ua ke ua ib daim ntawv tais, muab nws lub zog tensile siab.

Txo brittleness:Lignin, thaum muab ntoo rigidity, kuj ua rau nws nkig. Tshem tawm feem ntau ntawm cov lignin cov txiaj ntsig hauv kev hloov pauv tau yooj yim thiab clastic. Qhov elasticity no tso cai kraft daim ntawv los nqus cov kev poob siab thiab kev tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev rhuav lossis tawg ntho tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam lossis rub tawm. Nws "muab" me ntsis es tsis tawg tam sim ntawd.

Key zog Metrice:

Lub zog tensile:Qhov kev ntsuas no lub zog yuav tsum tau rub daim ntawv sib nrug. Kraft cov ntawv muaj lub zog siab tensile zog, txhais tau tias nws tiv taus kev ncab thiab tawg. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov ntawv thov zoo li ntawv sacks uas nqa cov nra hnyav.

Lub kua muag tiv thaiv:Nov yog lub zog xav tau los txuas ntxiv cov kua muag ib zaug nws tau pib. Kraft cov ntawv ntev thiab ua kom muaj zog ua rau nws rov qab ua kua muag, ib qho khoom ntiag tug rau kev ntim khoom uas tej zaum yuav ua rau lossis txiav.

Burst lub zog:Qhov no ntsuas qhov tsis kam ntawm daim ntawv los tsoo hauv kev ntxhov siab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub hnab thiab thawv uas tuav cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub siab sab hauv lossis cuam tshuam. Kraft linerboard, siv hauv corrugated thawv, yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev ua kom tawg dag zog.

Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj ua kom dawb thiab rov ua dua tshiab:Cov ntawv tsis tau txiav nyom feem ntau yog feem ntau muaj zog tshaj vim tias cov txheej txheem ua kom dawb huv tuaj yeem ua rau me ntsis cellulose fibulose. Ib yam li ntawd, rov siv dua kraft ntawv, nyhav kom muaj zog dua li cov nkauj xwb Amity RIM cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv rau nws lub zog thiab kev ruaj khov.

Hauv kev xaus, kraft daim ntawv yog muaj zog tshwj xeeb vim kev sib xyaw ua ke, thiab nws muaj kev sib txuas lus ruaj khov, ua rau nws muaj kev cia siab rau ntau.

Tag

Kraft daim ntawv sawv tawm vim nws cov khoom siv muaj zog, cov khoom siv ntev, khaws cia los ntawm kraft cov txheej txheem. Qhov no muab nws lub zog zoo dua thiab lub durability piv rau cov ntawv dav. Nws ua rau nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov khoom siv tau yooj yim rau kev xav tau ntim khoom.